Percent Purity = (mass of pure substance/mass of sample) × 100 Equivalent Weight = Molecular Weight/n C(n, r) = n!/(r!(n-r)!) m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁) W = Fd cosθ A = ½ab sin C ΔT_b = iK_bm Q = It I = ½ Σ c_i z_i² f''(x) a_n = ar^{n - 1} sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 ΔG = ΔH - TΔS ε = -dΦ/dt ln(P₂/P₁) = -ΔH_vap/R (1/T₂ - 1/T₁) M = moles/volume P = IV K_c = ([C]^c[D]^d)/([A]^a[B]^b) log_b a = ln a/ln b ∫(dx/x) = ln|x| + C cos 2θ = cos²θ - sin²θ V = IR n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂ T = 2π√(L/g) s = (a+b+c)/2, A = √(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))

f'(a) = lim_h→0 (f(a+h)-f(a))/h Φ = BA cosθ π = MRT e = (v₂ - v₁)/(u₁ - u₂) sin x = Σ (-1)ⁿ x⁽²ⁿ⁺¹⁾/(2n+1)! (1+x)ⁿ = Σ ⁿ C _k.x^k A = ∫_a^b f(x) dx P(n, r) = n!/(n-r)! pH = -log[H⁺] αβ = c/a sin 2θ = 2 sinθ cosθ a_n = a + (n - 1)d d = |Ax₀ + By₀ + C|/√(A²+B²) F = q(E + v × B) E = VIt U = mgh P = W/t 2 sin A cos B = sin(A+B) + sin(A-B) (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r² Rate = k[A]^m[B]ⁿ A = πab lim_x→a f(x)/g(x) = lim_x→a f'(x)/g'(x) v = u + at d/dx(sin x) = cos x (f(g(x)))' = f'(g(x))⋅g'(x)

A = ½|x₁(y₂-y₃) + x₂(y₃-y₁) + x₃(y₁-y₂)| d/dx(ln x) = 1/x V = (4/3)πr³ n = c/v α + β = -b/a 1/f = 1/v + 1/u F = k( q₁q₂ )/r² cos²(θ/2) = (1 + cosθ)/2 sin A + sin B = 2 sin((A+B)/2) cos((A-B)/2) E = hf n = mass/M f(x) = Σ_n=0∞ (f⁽ⁿ⁾(0)/n!)xⁿ m = f'(x) A = Pe^rt F_c = mv²/r λ = h/p a_c = v²/r e^x = Σ xⁿ/n! (Σ a_i²)(Σ b_i²) ≥ (Σ a_ib_i)² cos x = Σ (-1)ⁿ x⁽²ⁿ⁾/(2n)! E = E° - (0.0591/n) log Q ∫ u dv = uv - ∫ v du f(x) = Σ_n=0∞ (f⁽ⁿ⁾(a)/n!)(x-a)ⁿ d/dx(cos x) = -sin x pK_a = -log K_a

F_x + F_y(dy/dx) = 0 S_n = a(1 - rⁿ)/(1 - r) c = λf p = mv ΔT_f = iK_fm d = √((x₂-x₁)²+(y₂-y₁)²) sin²(θ/2) = (1 - cosθ)/2 d/dx(e^x) = e^x A = ab sinθ V = L(dI/dt) P_solution = X_solvent × P^°_solvent s = ut + ½at² y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) S_n = (n/2)[2a + (n - 1)d] Normality = Molarity × n F = ma (a+b)ⁿ = Σ_k=0ⁿ (nCk)a^n-kb^k x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)]/(2a) x = a sinθ K.E. = ½mv² S = a/(1 - r) v² = u² + 2as